Tantor SE

Table of contents:

• Preface
  • 1.  What Is Tantor SE?
  • 2. A Brief History of PostgreSQL
  • 3. What are the differences between Tantor SE 17 and PostgreSQL 17
  • 4. 1C improvements
  • 5. Conventions
  • 6. Bug Reporting Guidelines
• Part I. Tutorial
  • Chapter 1. Synopsis
    • 1.1. Synopsis
    • 1.2. Architectural Fundamentals
    • 1.3. Creating a Database
    • 1.4. Accessing a Database
  • Chapter 2. The SQL Language
    • 2.1. Introduction
    • 2.2. Concepts
    • 2.3. Creating a New Table
    • 2.4. Populating a Table With Rows
    • 2.5. Querying a Table
    • 2.6. Joins Between Tables
    • 2.7. Aggregate Functions
    • 2.8. Updates
    • 2.9. Deletions
  • Chapter 3. Advanced Features
    • 3.1. Introduction
    • 3.2. Views
    • 3.3. Foreign Keys
    • 3.4. Transactions
    • 3.5. Window Functions
    • 3.6. Inheritance
    • 3.7. Conclusion
• Part II. The SQL Language
  • Chapter 4. SQL Syntax
    • 4.1. Lexical Structure
    • 4.2. Value Expressions
    • 4.3. Calling Functions
  • Chapter 5. Data Definition
    • 5.1. Table Basics
    • 5.2. Default Values
    • 5.3. Identity Columns
    • 5.4. Generated Columns
    • 5.5. Constraints
    • 5.6. System Columns
    • 5.7. Modifying Tables
    • 5.8. Privileges
    • 5.9. Row Security Policies
    • 5.10. Schemas
    • 5.11. Inheritance
    • 5.12. Table Partitioning
    • 5.13. Foreign Data
    • 5.14. Other Database Objects
    • 5.15. Dependency Tracking
  • Chapter 6. Data Manipulation
    • 6.1. Inserting Data
    • 6.2. Updating Data
    • 6.3. Deleting Data
    • 6.4. Returning Data from Modified Rows
  • Chapter 7. Queries
    • 7.1. Overview
    • 7.2. Table Expressions
    • 7.3. Select Lists
    • 7.4. Combining Queries (UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT)
    • 7.5. Sorting Rows (ORDER BY)
    • 7.6. LIMIT and OFFSET
    • 7.7. VALUES Lists
    • 7.8. WITH Queries (Common Table Expressions)
  • Chapter 8. Data Types
    • 8.1. Numeric Types
    • 8.2. Monetary Types
    • 8.3. Character Types
    • 8.4. Binary Data Types
    • 8.5. Date/Time Types
    • 8.6. Boolean Type
    • 8.7. Enumerated Types
    • 8.8. Geometric Types
    • 8.9. Network Address Types
    • 8.10. Bit String Types
    • 8.11. Text Search Types
    • 8.12. UUID Type
    • 8.13. XML Type
    • 8.14. JSON Types
    • 8.15. Arrays
    • 8.16. Composite Types
    • 8.17. Range Types
    • 8.18. Domain Types
    • 8.19. Object Identifier Types
    • 8.20. pg_lsn Type
    • 8.21. Pseudo-Types
  • Chapter 9. Functions and Operators
    • 9.1. Logical Operators
    • 9.2. Comparison Functions and Operators
    • 9.3. Mathematical Functions and Operators
    • 9.4. String Functions and Operators
    • 9.5. Binary String Functions and Operators
    • 9.6. Bit String Functions and Operators
    • 9.7. Pattern Matching
    • 9.8. Data Type Formatting Functions
    • 9.9. Date/Time Functions and Operators
    • 9.10. Enum Support Functions
    • 9.11. Geometric Functions and Operators
    • 9.12. Network Address Functions and Operators
    • 9.13. Text Search Functions and Operators
    • 9.14. UUID Functions
    • 9.15. XML Functions
    • 9.16. JSON Functions and Operators
    • 9.17. Sequence Manipulation Functions
    • 9.18. Conditional Expressions
    • 9.19. Array Functions and Operators
    • 9.20. Range/Multirange Functions and Operators
    • 9.21. Aggregate Functions
    • 9.22. Window Functions
    • 9.23. Merge Support Functions
    • 9.24. Subquery Expressions
    • 9.25. Row and Array Comparisons
    • 9.26. Set Returning Functions
    • 9.27. System Information Functions and Operators
    • 9.28. System Administration Functions
    • 9.29. Trigger Functions
    • 9.30. Event Trigger Functions
    • 9.31. Statistics Information Functions
  • Chapter 10. Type Conversion
    • 10.1. Overview
    • 10.2. Operators
    • 10.3. Functions
    • 10.4. Value Storage
    • 10.5. UNION, CASE, and Related Constructs
    • 10.6. SELECT Output Columns
  • Chapter 11. Indexes
    • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.2. Index Types
    • 11.3. Multicolumn Indexes
    • 11.4. Indexes and ORDER BY
    • 11.5. Combining Multiple Indexes
    • 11.6. Unique Indexes
    • 11.7. Indexes on Expressions
    • 11.8. Partial Indexes
    • 11.9. Index-Only Scans and Covering Indexes
    • 11.10. Operator Classes and Operator Families
    • 11.11. Indexes and Collations
    • 11.12. Examining Index Usage
  • Chapter 12. Full Text Search
    • 12.1. Introduction
    • 12.2. Tables and Indexes
    • 12.3. Controlling Text Search
    • 12.4. Additional Features
    • 12.5. Parsers
    • 12.6. Dictionaries
    • 12.7. Configuration Example
    • 12.8. Testing and Debugging Text Search
    • 12.9. Preferred Index Types for Text Search
    • 12.10. psql Support
    • 12.11. Limitations
  • Chapter 13. Concurrency Control
    • 13.1. Introduction
    • 13.2. Transaction Isolation
    • 13.3. Explicit Locking
    • 13.4. Data Consistency Checks at the Application Level
    • 13.5. Serialization Failure Handling
    • 13.6. Caveats
    • 13.7. Locking and Indexes
  • Chapter 14. Performance Tips
    • 14.1. Using EXPLAIN
    • 14.2. Statistics Used by the Planner
    • 14.3. Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses
    • 14.4. Populating a Database
    • 14.5. Non-Durable Settings
  • Chapter 15. Parallel Query
    • 15.1. How Parallel Query Works
    • 15.2. When Can Parallel Query Be Used?
    • 15.3. Parallel Plans
    • 15.4. Parallel Safety
  • Chapter 16. Autonomous Transactions
    • 16.1. Overview
    • 16.2. Usage
    • 16.3. Examples
    • 16.4. Implementation
    • 16.5. Usage Notes
    • 16.6. Limitations
• Part III. Server Administration
  • Chapter 17. Installation from Binaries
    • 17.1. Downloading and Executing the Installer
    • 17.2. Installer Options
    • 17.3. Compatibility and Work with Antivirus Software
  • Chapter 18. Server Setup and Operation
    • 18.1. The Tantor SE User Account
    • 18.2. Creating a Database Cluster
    • 18.3. Starting the Database Server
    • 18.4. Managing Kernel Resources
    • 18.5. Shutting Down the Server
    • 18.6. Upgrading a Tantor SE Cluster
    • 18.7. Preventing Server Spoofing
    • 18.8. Encryption Options
    • 18.9. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSL
    • 18.10. Secure TCP/IP Connections with GSSAPI Encryption
    • 18.11. Secure TCP/IP Connections with SSH Tunnels
  • Chapter 19. Server Configuration
    • 19.1. Setting Parameters
    • 19.2. File Locations
    • 19.3. Connections and Authentication
    • 19.4. Resource Consumption
    • 19.5. Write Ahead Log
    • 19.6. Replication
    • 19.7. Query Planning
    • 19.8. Error Reporting and Logging
    • 19.9. Run-time Statistics
    • 19.10. Automatic Vacuuming
    • 19.11. Client Connection Defaults
    • 19.12. Lock Management
    • 19.13. Version and Platform Compatibility
    • 19.14. Error Handling
    • 19.15. Preset Options
    • 19.16. Customized Options
    • 19.17. Developer Options
    • 19.18. Short Options
  • Chapter 20. Client Authentication
    • 20.1. The pg_hba.conf File
    • 20.2. User Name Maps
    • 20.3. Authentication Methods
    • 20.4. Trust Authentication
    • 20.5. Password Authentication
    • 20.6. GSSAPI Authentication
    • 20.7. Ident Authentication
    • 20.8. Peer Authentication
    • 20.9. LDAP Authentication
    • 20.10. RADIUS Authentication
    • 20.11. Certificate Authentication
    • 20.12. PAM Authentication
    • 20.13. OAuth Authorization/Authentication
    • 20.14. Authentication Problems
  • Chapter 21. Database Roles
    • 21.1. Database Roles
    • 21.2. Role Attributes
    • 21.3. Role Membership
    • 21.4. Dropping Roles
    • 21.5. Predefined Roles
    • 21.6. Function Security
  • Chapter 22. Managing Databases
    • 22.1. Overview
    • 22.2. Creating a Database
    • 22.3. Template Databases
    • 22.4. Database Configuration
    • 22.5. Destroying a Database
    • 22.6. Tablespaces
  • Chapter 23. Localization
    • 23.1. Locale Support
    • 23.2. Collation Support
    • 23.3. Character Set Support
  • Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks
    • 24.1. Routine Vacuuming
    • 24.2. Routine Reindexing
    • 24.3. Log File Maintenance
  • Chapter 25. Backup and Restore
    • 25.1. SQL Dump
    • 25.2. File System Level Backup
    • 25.3. Continuous Archiving and Point-in-Time Recovery (PITR)
  • Chapter 26. High Availability, Load Balancing, and Replication
    • 26.1. Comparison of Different Solutions
    • 26.2. Log-Shipping Standby Servers
    • 26.3. Failover
    • 26.4. Hot Standby
  • Chapter 27. Monitoring Database Activity
    • 27.1. Standard Unix Tools
    • 27.2. The Cumulative Statistics System
    • 27.3. Viewing Locks
    • 27.4. Progress Reporting
    • 27.5. Dynamic Tracing
    • 27.6. Monitoring Disk Usage
  • Chapter 28. Reliability and the Write-Ahead Log
    • 28.1. Reliability
    • 28.2. Data Checksums
    • 28.3. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)
    • 28.4. Asynchronous Commit
    • 28.5. WAL Configuration
    • 28.6. WAL Internals
  • Chapter 29. Logical Replication
    • 29.1. Publication
    • 29.2. Subscription
    • 29.3. Logical Replication Failover
    • 29.4. Row Filters
    • 29.5. Column Lists
    • 29.6. Conflicts
    • 29.7. Restrictions
    • 29.8. Architecture
    • 29.9. Monitoring
    • 29.10. Security
    • 29.11. Configuration Settings
    • 29.12. Quick Setup
  • Chapter 30. Just-in-Time Compilation (JIT)
    • 30.1. What Is JIT compilation?
    • 30.2. When to JIT?
    • 30.3. Configuration
    • 30.4. Extensibility
• Part IV. Client Interfaces
  • Chapter 31. libpq — C Library
    • 31.1. Database Connection Control Functions
    • 31.2. Connection Status Functions
    • 31.3. Command Execution Functions
    • 31.4. Asynchronous Command Processing
    • 31.5. Pipeline Mode
    • 31.6. Retrieving Query Results in Chunks
    • 31.7. Canceling Queries in Progress
    • 31.8. The Fast-Path Interface
    • 31.9. Asynchronous Notification
    • 31.10. Functions Associated with the COPY Command
    • 31.11. Control Functions
    • 31.12. Miscellaneous Functions
    • 31.13. Notice Processing
    • 31.14. Event System
    • 31.15. Environment Variables
    • 31.16. The Password File
    • 31.17. The Connection Service File
    • 31.18. LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters
    • 31.19. SSL Support
    • 31.20. OAuth Support
    • 31.21. Behavior in Threaded Programs
    • 31.22. Building libpq Programs
    • 31.23. Example Programs
  • Chapter 32. Large Objects
    • 32.1. Introduction
    • 32.2. Implementation Features
    • 32.3. Client Interfaces
    • 32.4. Server-Side Functions
    • 32.5. Example Program
  • Chapter 33. ECPG — Embedded SQL in C
    • 33.1. The Concept
    • 33.2. Managing Database Connections
    • 33.3. Running SQL Commands
    • 33.4. Using Host Variables
    • 33.5. Dynamic SQL
    • 33.6. pgtypes Library
    • 33.7. Using Descriptor Areas
    • 33.8. Error Handling
    • 33.9. Preprocessor Directives
    • 33.10. Processing Embedded SQL Programs
    • 33.11. Library Functions
    • 33.12. Large Objects
    • 33.13. C++ Applications
    • 33.14. Embedded SQL Commands
    • 33.15. Informix Compatibility Mode
    • 33.16. Oracle Compatibility Mode
    • 33.17. Internals
  • Chapter 34. The Information Schema
    • 34.1. The Schema
    • 34.2. Data Types
    • 34.3. information_schema_catalog_name
    • 34.4. administrable_role_​authorizations
    • 34.5. applicable_roles
    • 34.6. attributes
    • 34.7. character_sets
    • 34.8. check_constraint_routine_usage
    • 34.9. check_constraints
    • 34.10. collations
    • 34.11. collation_character_set_​applicability
    • 34.12. column_column_usage
    • 34.13. column_domain_usage
    • 34.14. column_options
    • 34.15. column_privileges
    • 34.16. column_udt_usage
    • 34.17. columns
    • 34.18. constraint_column_usage
    • 34.19. constraint_table_usage
    • 34.20. data_type_privileges
    • 34.21. domain_constraints
    • 34.22. domain_udt_usage
    • 34.23. domains
    • 34.24. element_types
    • 34.25. enabled_roles
    • 34.26. foreign_data_wrapper_options
    • 34.27. foreign_data_wrappers
    • 34.28. foreign_server_options
    • 34.29. foreign_servers
    • 34.30. foreign_table_options
    • 34.31. foreign_tables
    • 34.32. key_column_usage
    • 34.33. parameters
    • 34.34. referential_constraints
    • 34.35. role_column_grants
    • 34.36. role_routine_grants
    • 34.37. role_table_grants
    • 34.38. role_udt_grants
    • 34.39. role_usage_grants
    • 34.40. routine_column_usage
    • 34.41. routine_privileges
    • 34.42. routine_routine_usage
    • 34.43. routine_sequence_usage
    • 34.44. routine_table_usage
    • 34.45. routines
    • 34.46. schemata
    • 34.47. sequences
    • 34.48. sql_features
    • 34.49. sql_implementation_info
    • 34.50. sql_parts
    • 34.51. sql_sizing
    • 34.52. table_constraints
    • 34.53. table_privileges
    • 34.54. tables
    • 34.55. transforms
    • 34.56. triggered_update_columns
    • 34.57. triggers
    • 34.58. udt_privileges
    • 34.59. usage_privileges
    • 34.60. user_defined_types
    • 34.61. user_mapping_options
    • 34.62. user_mappings
    • 34.63. view_column_usage
    • 34.64. view_routine_usage
    • 34.65. view_table_usage
    • 34.66. views
• Part V. Server Programming
  • Chapter 35. Extending SQL
    • 35.1. How Extensibility Works
    • 35.2. The Tantor SE Type System
    • 35.3. User-Defined Functions
    • 35.4. User-Defined Procedures
    • 35.5. Query Language (SQL) Functions
    • 35.6. Function Overloading
    • 35.7. Function Volatility Categories
    • 35.8. Procedural Language Functions
    • 35.9. Internal Functions
    • 35.10. Function Optimization Information
    • 35.11. User-Defined Aggregates
    • 35.12. User-Defined Types
    • 35.13. User-Defined Operators
    • 35.14. Operator Optimization Information
    • 35.15. Interfacing Extensions to Indexes
    • 35.16. Packaging Related Objects into an Extension
    • 35.17. Extension Building Infrastructure
  • Chapter 36. Triggers
    • 36.1. Overview of Trigger Behavior
    • 36.2. Visibility of Data Changes
    • 36.3. Writing Trigger Functions in C
    • 36.4. A Complete Trigger Example
  • Chapter 37. Event Triggers
    • 37.1. Overview of Event Trigger Behavior
    • 37.2. Event Trigger Firing Matrix
    • 37.3. Writing Event Trigger Functions in C
    • 37.4. A Complete Event Trigger Example
    • 37.5. A Table Rewrite Event Trigger Example
    • 37.6. A Database Login Event Trigger Example
  • Chapter 38. The Rule System
    • 38.1. The Query Tree
    • 38.2. Views and the Rule System
    • 38.3. Materialized Views
    • 38.4. Rules on INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
    • 38.5. Rules and Privileges
    • 38.6. Rules and Command Status
    • 38.7. Rules Versus Triggers
  • Chapter 39. Procedural Languages
    • 39.1. Installing Procedural Languages
  • Chapter 40. PL/pgSQL — SQL Procedural Language
    • 40.1. Overview
    • 40.2. Structure of PL/pgSQL
    • 40.3. Declarations
    • 40.4. Expressions
    • 40.5. Basic Statements
    • 40.6. Control Structures
    • 40.7. Cursors
    • 40.8. Transaction Management
    • 40.9. Errors and Messages
    • 40.10. Trigger Functions
    • 40.11. PL/pgSQL under the Hood
    • 40.12. Tips for Developing in PL/pgSQL
    • 40.13. Porting from Oracle PL/SQL
  • Chapter 41. PL/Tcl — Tcl Procedural Language
    • 41.1. Overview
    • 41.2. PL/Tcl Functions and Arguments
    • 41.3. Data Values in PL/Tcl
    • 41.4. Global Data in PL/Tcl
    • 41.5. Database Access from PL/Tcl
    • 41.6. Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl
    • 41.7. Event Trigger Functions in PL/Tcl
    • 41.8. Error Handling in PL/Tcl
    • 41.9. Explicit Subtransactions in PL/Tcl
    • 41.10. Transaction Management
    • 41.11. PL/Tcl Configuration
    • 41.12. Tcl Procedure Names
  • Chapter 42. PL/Perl — Perl Procedural Language
    • 42.1. PL/Perl Functions and Arguments
    • 42.2. Data Values in PL/Perl
    • 42.3. Built-in Functions
    • 42.4. Global Values in PL/Perl
    • 42.5. Trusted and Untrusted PL/Perl
    • 42.6. PL/Perl Triggers
    • 42.7. PL/Perl Event Triggers
    • 42.8. PL/Perl Under the Hood
  • Chapter 43. PL/Python — Python Procedural Language
    • 43.1. PL/Python Functions
    • 43.2. Data Values
    • 43.3. Sharing Data
    • 43.4. Anonymous Code Blocks
    • 43.5. Trigger Functions
    • 43.6. Database Access
    • 43.7. Explicit Subtransactions
    • 43.8. Transaction Management
    • 43.9. Utility Functions
    • 43.10. Python 2 vs. Python 3
    • 43.11. Environment Variables
  • Chapter 44. Server Programming Interface
    • 44.1. Interface Functions
    • 44.2. Interface Support Functions
    • 44.3. Memory Management
    • 44.4. Transaction Management
    • 44.5. Visibility of Data Changes
    • 44.6. Examples
  • Chapter 45. Background Worker Processes
  • Chapter 46. Logical Decoding
    • 46.1. Logical Decoding Examples
    • 46.2. Logical Decoding Concepts
    • 46.3. Streaming Replication Protocol Interface
    • 46.4. Logical Decoding SQL Interface
    • 46.5. System Catalogs Related to Logical Decoding
    • 46.6. Logical Decoding Output Plugins
    • 46.7. Logical Decoding Output Writers
    • 46.8. Synchronous Replication Support for Logical Decoding
    • 46.9. Streaming of Large Transactions for Logical Decoding
    • 46.10. Two-phase Commit Support for Logical Decoding
  • Chapter 47. Replication Progress Tracking
  • Chapter 48. Archive Modules
    • 48.1. Initialization Functions
    • 48.2. Archive Module Callbacks
  • Chapter 49. OAuth Validator Modules
    • 49.1. Safely Designing a Validator Module
    • 49.2. Initialization Functions
    • 49.3. OAuth Validator Callbacks
• Part VI. Reference
  • SQL Commands
  • PostgreSQL Client Applications
  • PostgreSQL Server Applications
• Part VII. Internals
  • Chapter 50. Overview of PostgreSQL Internals
    • 50.1. The Path of a Query
    • 50.2. How Connections Are Established
    • 50.3. The Parser Stage
    • 50.4. The Tantor SE Rule System
    • 50.5. Planner/Optimizer
    • 50.6. Executor
  • Chapter 51. System Catalogs
    • 51.1. Overview
    • 51.2. pg_aggregate
    • 51.3. pg_am
    • 51.4. pg_amop
    • 51.5. pg_amproc
    • 51.6. pg_attrdef
    • 51.7. pg_attribute
    • 51.8. pg_authid
    • 51.9. pg_auth_members
    • 51.10. pg_cast
    • 51.11. pg_class
    • 51.12. pg_collation
    • 51.13. pg_constraint
    • 51.14. pg_conversion
    • 51.15. pg_database
    • 51.16. pg_db_role_setting
    • 51.17. pg_default_acl
    • 51.18. pg_depend
    • 51.19. pg_description
    • 51.20. pg_enum
    • 51.21. pg_event_trigger
    • 51.22. pg_extension
    • 51.23. pg_foreign_data_wrapper
    • 51.24. pg_foreign_server
    • 51.25. pg_foreign_table
    • 51.26. pg_index
    • 51.27. pg_inherits
    • 51.28. pg_init_privs
    • 51.29. pg_language
    • 51.30. pg_largeobject
    • 51.31. pg_largeobject_metadata
    • 51.32. pg_namespace
    • 51.33. pg_opclass
    • 51.34. pg_operator
    • 51.35. pg_opfamily
    • 51.36. pg_parameter_acl
    • 51.37. pg_partitioned_table
    • 51.38. pg_policy
    • 51.39. pg_proc
    • 51.40. pg_publication
    • 51.41. pg_publication_namespace
    • 51.42. pg_publication_rel
    • 51.43. pg_range
    • 51.44. pg_replication_origin
    • 51.45. pg_rewrite
    • 51.46. pg_seclabel
    • 51.47. pg_sequence
    • 51.48. pg_shdepend
    • 51.49. pg_shdescription
    • 51.50. pg_shseclabel
    • 51.51. pg_statistic
    • 51.52. pg_statistic_ext
    • 51.53. pg_statistic_ext_data
    • 51.54. pg_subscription
    • 51.55. pg_subscription_rel
    • 51.56. pg_tablespace
    • 51.57. pg_transform
    • 51.58. pg_trigger
    • 51.59. pg_ts_config
    • 51.60. pg_ts_config_map
    • 51.61. pg_ts_dict
    • 51.62. pg_ts_parser
    • 51.63. pg_ts_template
    • 51.64. pg_type
    • 51.65. pg_user_mapping
  • Chapter 52. System Views
    • 52.1. Overview
    • 52.2. pg_available_extensions
    • 52.3. pg_available_extension_versions
    • 52.4. pg_backend_memory_contexts
    • 52.5. pg_config
    • 52.6. pg_cursors
    • 52.7. pg_file_settings
    • 52.8. pg_group
    • 52.9. pg_hba_file_rules
    • 52.10. pg_ident_file_mappings
    • 52.11. pg_indexes
    • 52.12. pg_locks
    • 52.13. pg_matviews
    • 52.14. pg_policies
    • 52.15. pg_prepared_statements
    • 52.16. pg_prepared_xacts
    • 52.17. pg_publication_tables
    • 52.18. pg_replication_origin_status
    • 52.19. pg_replication_slots
    • 52.20. pg_roles
    • 52.21. pg_rules
    • 52.22. pg_seclabels
    • 52.23. pg_sequences
    • 52.24. pg_settings
    • 52.25. pg_shadow
    • 52.26. pg_shmem_allocations
    • 52.27. pg_stats
    • 52.28. pg_stats_ext
    • 52.29. pg_stats_ext_exprs
    • 52.30. pg_tables
    • 52.31. pg_timezone_abbrevs
    • 52.32. pg_timezone_names
    • 52.33. pg_user
    • 52.34. pg_user_mappings
    • 52.35. pg_views
    • 52.36. pg_wait_events
  • Chapter 53. Frontend/Backend Protocol
    • 53.1. Overview
    • 53.2. Message Flow
    • 53.3. SASL Authentication
    • 53.4. Streaming Replication Protocol
    • 53.5. Logical Streaming Replication Protocol
    • 53.6. Message Data Types
    • 53.7. Message Formats
    • 53.8. Error and Notice Message Fields
    • 53.9. Logical Replication Message Formats
    • 53.10. Summary of Changes since Protocol 2.0
  • Chapter 54. PostgreSQL Coding Conventions
    • 54.1. Formatting
    • 54.2. Reporting Errors Within the Server
    • 54.3. Error Message Style Guide
    • 54.4. Miscellaneous Coding Conventions
  • Chapter 55. Native Language Support
    • 55.1. For the Translator
    • 55.2. For the Programmer
  • Chapter 56. Writing a Procedural Language Handler
  • Chapter 57. Writing a Foreign Data Wrapper
    • 57.1. Foreign Data Wrapper Functions
    • 57.2. Foreign Data Wrapper Callback Routines
    • 57.3. Foreign Data Wrapper Helper Functions
    • 57.4. Foreign Data Wrapper Query Planning
    • 57.5. Row Locking in Foreign Data Wrappers
  • Chapter 58. Writing a Table Sampling Method
    • 58.1. Sampling Method Support Functions
  • Chapter 59. Writing a Custom Scan Provider
    • 59.1. Creating Custom Scan Paths
    • 59.2. Creating Custom Scan Plans
    • 59.3. Executing Custom Scans
  • Chapter 60. Genetic Query Optimizer
    • 60.1. Query Handling as a Complex Optimization Problem
    • 60.2. Genetic Algorithms
    • 60.3. Genetic Query Optimization (GEQO) in PostgreSQL
    • 60.4. Further Reading
  • Chapter 61. Table Access Method Interface Definition
  • Chapter 62. Index Access Method Interface Definition
    • 62.1. Basic API Structure for Indexes
    • 62.2. Index Access Method Functions
    • 62.3. Index Scanning
    • 62.4. Index Locking Considerations
    • 62.5. Index Uniqueness Checks
    • 62.6. Index Cost Estimation Functions
  • Chapter 63. Write Ahead Logging for Extensions
    • 63.1. Generic WAL Records
    • 63.2. Custom WAL Resource Managers
  • Chapter 64. Built-in Index Access Methods
    • 64.1. B-Tree Indexes
    • 64.2. GiST Indexes
    • 64.3. SP-GiST Indexes
    • 64.4. GIN Indexes
    • 64.5. BRIN Indexes
    • 64.6. Hash Indexes
  • Chapter 65. Database Physical Storage
    • 65.1. Database File Layout
    • 65.2. TOAST
    • 65.3. Free Space Map
    • 65.4. Visibility Map
    • 65.5. The Initialization Fork
    • 65.6. Database Page Layout
    • 65.7. Heap-Only Tuples (HOT)
  • Chapter 66. Transaction Processing
    • 66.1. Transactions and Identifiers
    • 66.2. Transactions and Locking
    • 66.3. Subtransactions
    • 66.4. Two-Phase Transactions
  • Chapter 67. System Catalog Declarations and Initial Contents
    • 67.1. System Catalog Declaration Rules
    • 67.2. System Catalog Initial Data
    • 67.3. BKI File Format
    • 67.4. BKI Commands
    • 67.5. Structure of the Bootstrap BKI File
    • 67.6. BKI Example
  • Chapter 68. How the Planner Uses Statistics
    • 68.1. Row Estimation Examples
    • 68.2. Multivariate Statistics Examples
    • 68.3. Planner Statistics and Security
  • Chapter 69. Backup Manifest Format
    • 69.1. Backup Manifest Top-level Object
    • 69.2. Backup Manifest File Object
    • 69.3. Backup Manifest WAL Range Object
• Part VIII. Appendixes
  • Appendix A. Tantor SE Error Codes
  • Appendix B. Date/Time Support
    • B.1. Date/Time Input Interpretation
    • B.2. Handling of Invalid or Ambiguous Timestamps
    • B.3. Date/Time Key Words
    • B.4. Date/Time Configuration Files
    • B.5. POSIX Time Zone Specifications
    • B.6. History of Units
    • B.7. Julian Dates
  • Appendix C. SQL Key Words
  • Appendix D. SQL Conformance
    • D.1. Supported Features
    • D.2. Unsupported Features
    • D.3. XML Limits and Conformance to SQL/XML
  • Appendix E. Release Notes
    • E.1. Release Notes for Tantor SE 17.9.0
    • E.2. Release Notes for Tantor SE 17.7.0
    • E.3. Release Notes for Tantor SE 17.6.0
    • E.4. Release Notes for Tantor SE 17.5.2
    • E.5. Release Notes for Tantor SE 17.5.0
    • E.6. Release 17.9
    • E.7. Release 17.8
    • E.8. Release 17.7
    • E.9. Release 17.6
    • E.10. Release 17.5
    • E.11. Release 17.4
    • E.12. Release 17.3
    • E.13. Release 17.2
    • E.14. Release 17.1
    • E.15. Release 17
    • E.16. Prior Releases
  • Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules and Extensions
    • F.1. amcheck — tools to verify table and index consistency
    • F.2. auth_delay — pause on authentication failure
    • F.3. auto_dump — extension with ProcessInterrupts hook
    • F.4. auto_explain — log execution plans of slow queries
    • F.5. basebackup_to_shell — example “shell” pg_basebackup module
    • F.6. basic_archive — an example WAL archive module
    • F.7. bloom — bloom filter index access method
    • F.8. btree_gin — GIN operator classes with B-tree behavior
    • F.9. btree_gist — GiST operator classes with B-tree behavior
    • F.10. citext — a case-insensitive character string type
    • F.11. spi — Server Programming Interface features/examples
    • F.12. credcheck — Tantor SE username/password checks
    • F.13. cube — a multi-dimensional cube data type
    • F.14. dbcopies_decoding — database copy mechanism and data accelerator
    • F.15. dblink — connect to other PostgreSQL databases
    • F.16. dict_int — example full-text search dictionary for integers
    • F.17. dict_xsyn — example synonym full-text search dictionary
    • F.18. earthdistance — calculate great-circle distances
    • F.19. fasttrun — function to truncate temporary tables without growing pg_class size
    • F.20. file_fdw — access data files in the server’s file system
    • F.21. fulleq — equivalence operator for compatibility with Microsoft SQL Server
    • F.22. fuzzystrmatch — determine string similarities and distance
    • F.23. hstore — hstore key/value datatype
    • F.24. hydra (columnar) — hydra optimized row columnar (ORC)
    • F.25. HypoPG — support for hypothetical indexes
    • F.26. intagg — integer aggregator and enumerator
    • F.27. intarray — manipulate arrays of integers
    • F.28. isn — data types for international standard numbers (ISBN, EAN, UPC, etc.)
    • F.29. lo — manage large objects
    • F.30. ltree — hierarchical tree-like data type
    • F.31. mchar — additional data types for compatibility with Microsoft SQL Server (MS SQL)
    • F.32. oauth_validator — OAuth 2.0 Basic Token Validator for Tantor SE
    • F.33. online_analyze — statistic collection right after INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE/SELECT
    • F.34. orafce — set of functions that provide compatibility with Oracle databases
    • F.35. pageinspect — low-level inspection of database pages
    • F.36. page_repair — individual page repair using standby’s data
    • F.37. passwordcheck — verify password strength
    • F.38. pg_archive — automatically archive historical data from partitioned tables
    • F.39. pgAudit — detailed session and/or object audit logging
    • F.40. pgauditlogtofile — pgAudit addon for redirect audit log lines to an independent file
    • F.41. pg_background — run commands in background workers
    • F.42. pg_buffercache — inspect Tantor SE buffer cache state
    • F.43. pg_cron — cron-based job scheduler working within the database
    • F.44. pgcrypto — cryptographic functions
    • F.45. pg_freespacemap — examine the free space map
    • F.46. pg_hint_plan — configuring plans of SQL queries in SQL comments
    • F.47. pg_ivm — Incremental View Maintenance (IVM) feature for Tantor SE
    • F.48. pgl_ddl_deploy — transparent logical DDL replication
    • F.49. pg_partman — create and manage time-based and number-based table partition sets
    • F.50. pg_prewarm — preload relation data into buffer caches
    • F.51. PGQ — generic, high-performance lockless queue with simple API based on SQL functions
    • F.52. pg_qualstats — statistics on predicates found in WHERE statements and JOIN clauses
    • F.53. pg_query_id — manipulate aspects of query id computation
    • F.54. pg_repack — remove bloat from tables and indexes
    • F.55. pgrowlocks — show a table’s row locking information
    • F.56. pgsql-http — Tantor SE HTTP Client
    • F.57. pg_stat_advisor — Tantor SE advisor to create extended statistics
    • F.58. pg_stat_kcache — statistics about real reads and writes
    • F.59. pg_stat_statements — track statistics of SQL planning and execution
    • F.60. pgstattuple — obtain tuple-level statistics
    • F.61. pg_store_plans — means for tracking execution plan statistics of all SQL statements
    • F.62. pg_surgery — perform low-level surgery on relation data
    • F.63. pg_tde — Transparent Data Encryption for Tantor SE
    • F.64. pg_throttle — extension which add query throttling feature
    • F.65. pg_trace — Real-time filtered query tracing for Tantor SE
    • F.66. pg_trgm — support for similarity of text using trigram matching
    • F.67. pg_uuidv7 — extension to generate UUID version 7 and some other functions
    • F.68. pg_variables — work with variables of different types
    • F.69. pg_visibility — visibility map information and utilities
    • F.70. pg_wait_profile — sample-based profiling of database activity
    • F.71. pg_wait_sampling — sampling based statistics of wait events
    • F.72. pg_walinspect — low-level WAL inspection
    • F.73. plantuner — planner hints
    • F.74. postgres_fdw — access data stored in external Tantor SE servers
    • F.75. seg — a datatype for line segments or floating point intervals
    • F.76. sepgsql — SELinux-, label-based mandatory access control (MAC) security module
    • F.77. sslinfo — obtain client SSL information
    • F.78. tablefunc — functions that return tables (crosstab and others)
    • F.79. tcn — a trigger function to notify listeners of changes to table content
    • F.80. test_decoding — SQL-based test/example module for WAL logical decoding
    • F.81. transp_anon — mask or replace personally identifiable information or commercially sensitive data
    • F.82. tsm_system_rows — the SYSTEM_ROWS sampling method for TABLESAMPLE
    • F.83. tsm_system_time — the SYSTEM_TIME sampling method for TABLESAMPLE
    • F.84. unaccent — a text search dictionary which removes diacritics
    • F.85. uuid-ossp — a UUID generator
    • F.86. vector (pgvector) — search vector similarity
    • F.87. xml2 — XPath querying and XSLT functionality
  • Appendix G. Additional Supplied Programs
    • G.1. Client Applications
    • G.2. Server Applications
  • Appendix H. Additional Supplied Utilities
    • H.1. columnar_migrator
    • H.2. data_generator
    • H.3. pg_diag_setup
    • H.4. pg_sec_check
    • H.5. pgcompacttable
    • H.6. pgcopydb
    • H.7. slru_upgrader
  • Appendix I. Tantor Additional Programs Distributed as Separate Packages
    • I.1. Tantor Platform
    • I.2. PipelineDB
    • I.3. pg_anon
    • I.4. pg_cluster
    • I.5. pg_configurator
  • Appendix J. Additional External Modules Distributed as Separate Packages
    • J.1. ldap2pg
    • J.2. mysql_fdw
    • J.3. oracle_fdw
    • J.4. pg_timetable
    • J.5. pgbouncer
    • J.6. tds_fdw
    • J.7. wal-g
  • Appendix K. External Projects
    • K.1. Client Interfaces
    • K.2. Administration Tools
    • K.3. Procedural Languages
    • K.4. Extensions
  • Appendix L. Tantor SE Limits
  • Appendix M. Acronyms
  • Appendix N. Glossary
  • Appendix O. Color Support
    • O.1. When Color is Used
    • O.2. Configuring the Colors
  • Appendix P. Obsolete or Renamed Features
    • P.1. recovery.conf file merged into postgresql.conf
    • P.2. Default Roles Renamed to Predefined Roles
    • P.3. pg_xlogdump renamed to pg_waldump
    • P.4. pg_resetxlog renamed to pg_resetwal
    • P.5. pg_receivexlog renamed to pg_receivewal
• Bibliography
• Index